Is an abstract one paragraph rubric examples

An abstract is "a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper" American Psychological Association [APA], , p. This summary is intended to share the topic, argument, and conclusions of a research study or course paper, similar to the text on the back cover of a book. When submitting your work for publication, an abstract is often the first piece of your writing a reviewer will encounter.

An abstract may not be required for course papers. An abstract is a single paragraph preceded by the heading " Abstract ," centered and in bold font. The abstract does not begin with an indented line. APA recommends that abstracts should generally be less than words, though many journals have their own word limits; it is always a good idea to check journal-specific requirements before submitting.

Abstracts use the present tense to describe currently applicable results e. Key terms are sometimes included at the end of the abstract and should be chosen by considering the words or phrases that a reader might use to search for your article. It is also appropriate, depending on the type of article you are writing, to include information such as:.

Your abstract should avoid unnecessary wordiness and focus on quickly and concisely summarizing the major points of your work. An abstract is not an introduction; you are not trying to capture the reader's attention with timeliness or to orient the reader to the entire background of your study. When readers finish reading your abstract, they should have a strong sense of your article's purpose, approach, and conclusions.

Abstract evaluation example

In the following abstract, the article's problem is stated in red , the approach and design are in blue , and the results are in green. Foley, R. Clinical and echocardiographic disease in patients starting end-stage renal disease therapy. Kidney International , 47 , —